Steel Structures

Beam element in the Abaqus element library was used to model the beams and columns. The selection of the type of element to be used is based on the fact that the investigation considers the global response of the frame in column removal scenario. For this purpose beam theory is sufficient. All beam elements in Abaqus are beam-column elements that mean they allow axial, bending, and torsional deformation. However, torsion is not applicable to in-plane behavior of the 2D frames. The beam properties are input by defining the cross-section from the predefined cross-section library. At each increment of the analysis the stress over the cross-section of beam elements is numerically integrated to define the beam.